{"id":11500,"date":"2024-11-28T10:47:36","date_gmt":"2024-11-28T09:47:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.economiaediritto.it\/?p=11500"},"modified":"2024-12-10T17:32:34","modified_gmt":"2024-12-10T16:32:34","slug":"progresso-tecnologico-ed-incremento-demografico-come-sara-leconomia-del-futuro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.economiaediritto.it\/es\/progresso-tecnologico-ed-incremento-demografico-come-sara-leconomia-del-futuro\/","title":{"rendered":"Progresso tecnologico ed incremento demografico: come sar\u00e0 l\u2019economia del futuro? \/ Progr\u00e8s technologique et incr\u00e9ment d\u00e9mographique: l\u2019\u00e9conomie du futur comme sera-t-elle?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">L&#8217;economia del futuro sar\u00e0, sicuramente, molto diversa da come la intendiamo oggi. L&#8217;economia, come scienza, concerne lo studio dell&#8217;allocazione efficiente di risorse scarse, al fine di garantire e soddisfare determinati bisogni. Se, infatti, il pianeta Terra dispone di risorse infinite, l&#8217;economia come campo di indagine e ricerca non esisterebbe. L&#8217;uomo, inoltre, \u00e8 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">desiderabile<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0ed una volta raggiunto un obiettivo animale ambisce a nuovi desideri e stimoli.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Il desiderio, dunque, \u00e8 il motore della scienza economica, esso si riflette nel vincente binomio necessit\u00e0-bisogni. Aumentando i desideri del sistema economico, l&#8217;economia riesce a performare in modo pi\u00f9 efficiente e resiliente. I nuovi desideri, da parte degli agenti economici, innescheranno produzione e, contestualmente, consumo. Affinch\u00e9 il sistema economico possa funzionare correttamente, \u00e8 necessario che ci\u00f2 che viene prodotto, ovvero i beni\/servizi, siano domandati dai consumatori, altrimenti gli output rimarranno merce sostanzialmente invenduta.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Dalla relazione, ed interconnessione, tra domanda e offerta si delineano e derivano i livelli dei prezzi medi nel sistema economico. Un sistema economico per poter crescere e raggiungere crescenti livelli di benessere necessita di due risorse fondamentali:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Crescita demografica;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Progresso tecnologico.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">La crescita demografica e il progresso tecnologico, tendenzialmente, sono complementari. Popolazioni demograficamente in aumento, per poter crescere e prosperare economicamente, inevitabilmente di un progresso tecnologico. L&#8217;aumento demografico di una popolazione, e di un sistema economico, consente di attuare la <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">specializzazione del lavoro<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> , ovvero la graduale divisione del lavoro in unit\u00e0 infra-marginali, per poter incrementare la produttivit\u00e0 ed efficienza dell&#8217;intero sistema economico.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Proviamo ad illustrare il tutto con un semplice, ed intuitivo, esempio:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Qualora il sistema economico fosse costituito da due agenti economici, ipoteticamente, ognuno di loro si specializzerebbe nella produzione di un dato bene\/servizio e il frutto del lavoro replicherebbe e testimonierebbe l&#8217;abilit\u00e0 e il talento del soggetto. Pensiamo, ad esempio, ad un pittore e ad un artigiano. Il pittore, infatti, sarebbe in grado di realizzare splendide opere d&#8217;arte che potrebbero essere apprezzate dall&#8217;altro agente economico che, a sua volta, potrebbe compensare l&#8217;altro con gradevoli opere d&#8217;artigianato.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Dietro il lavoro, dunque, vi \u00e8 l&#8217;emancipazione e la piena realizzazione, sociale e culturale, di un individuo. I greci, inoltre, ribadivano come un essere umano, per poter essere felice, dovrebbe necessariamente conoscere se stesso ( <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u03b3\u03bd\u1ff6\u03b8\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> ).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">La felicit\u00e0, per i greci, era <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">eudaimon\u00eca<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> , ovvero buona riuscita del proprio demone interiore, ossia la propria vocazione, ci\u00f2 per cui si \u00e8 nati, ma <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">kat\u00e0 m\u00e8tron<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0ovvero secondo misura. La misura, ovvero il limite, era il concetto cardine della cultura greca, che non andava minimamente superato con un gesto di tracotanza e sfida.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u201c <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Conosci te stesso<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u201d e \u201c <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">realizza il tuo talento<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u201d era la cifra della grecit\u00e0 e l&#8217;economia, allora, era a misura umana e il compenso economico, essenzialmente, rappresentava il riconoscimento sociale da parte della comunit\u00e0 per il nostro operato. Oggi, per\u00f2, anche a causa della globalizzazione finanziaria, ovvero dell&#8217;apertura dei mercati e dell&#8217;interazione tra le economie, il mercato \u00e8 diventato il vero protagonista della storia. La competizione, la concorrenza ei rapporti commerciali, sempre pi\u00f9 interconnessi, rappresentano oggi il fulcro della nostra societ\u00e0 e cultura.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Il mercato, come ripreso da Adam Smith, filosofo ed economista del XVIII secolo e padre dell&#8217;economia classica, \u00e8 un&#8217;entit\u00e0 matematica e razionale, caratterizzata dalla semplice intersezione tra due curve analitiche: la curva di domanda e di offerta. Le economie moderne, dunque, si fondano sul mercato e sulla razionalit\u00e0 degli scambi commerciali ed economici. Il progresso tecnico nelle nostre societ\u00e0 \u00e8 assolutamente necessario e doveroso, dato il repentino incremento demografico. Il lavoro e la catena di produzione, dunque, vengono frammentati ed ogni lavoratore ed agente economico concorrer\u00e0, marginalmente, alla produzione e realizzazione finale del bene.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Il <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u03b3\u03bd\u1ff6\u03b8\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> oggi \u00e8 terribilmente ridimensionato, dal momento che la tecnica, con la sua razionalit\u00e0 decisionale e processuale, gestisce e coordina l&#8217;intero sistema economico e sociale. Le decisioni e le ambizioni degli uomini, gradualmente, finiscono per essere subordinate ai desideri e alla volont\u00e0 del mercato. La tecnica, inoltre, punta esclusivamente al proprio auto potenziamento, fondandosi su dettami di efficienza e produttivit\u00e0. Se, infatti, una tecnologia o un determinato processo economico risulta essere pi\u00f9 efficiente e produttivo, le procedure tecniche ed economiche, precedentemente impiegate, verranno gradualmente rimpiazzate e sostituite. La razionalit\u00e0 del ragionamento tecnico, per\u00f2, a causa della sua velocit\u00e0 decisionale e procedurale, non permette agli uomini e agli agenti economici di prevedere a lungo termine gli effetti e le conseguenze delle azioni intraprese.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Il futuro, dunque, non risulta essere pi\u00f9 facilmente prevedibile, ma sottoposto a graduali, oltre che continuative, modifiche e variazioni. Come ripreso dal Prof. Umberto Galimberti, la tecnica non ha scopi, non tende ad una meta finale e non rivela la verit\u00e0. L&#8217;uomo, inevitabilmente, \u00e8 uscito dalla storia, divenendo subordinato ad una realt\u00e0 da lui stesso creata e progettata. La tecnica, perci\u00f2, ha inondato il mondo in ogni settore ed ambito:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Nella comunicazione attraverso gli <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">smartphone<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> ei <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">social network<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> ;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">In ambito lavorativo, con la diffusione ed implementazione delle reti <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">internet<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> e dei <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">personal computer<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> ;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">In ambito sociale e relazionale, con una progressiva perdita dei contatti e rapporti umani.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Un sistema economico globalizzato e interconnesso, affinch\u00e9 possa mantenere crescenti livelli di benessere e vincere la competizione con le altre economie nello scenario internazionale, necessita di investimenti nel progresso tecnico e scientifico. Gli agenti economici, cos\u00ec, diventano attori economici mondiali nella balia della competizione e degli scenari macroeconomici futuri. Oltre, dunque, a godere dei vantaggi e dei benefici della globalizzazione economico-finanziaria, l&#8217;uomo avr\u00e0 ancora un valore morale ed etico o sar\u00e0 ridotto a semplice esecutore di funzioni e <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">input<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> ?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Sigmund Freud, psicanalista e filosofo austriaco vissuto a cavallo del XX secolo, ribad\u00ec come l&#8217;essere umano, oltre alla sua componente logico-razionale, presenta anche una componente irrazionale evidenziata dall&#8217;amore, immaginazione, dolore, fantasia, follia ecc.. Se , perci\u00f2, la razionalit\u00e0 tecnica punta ad eliminare progressivamente la componente irrazionale e dionisiaca dell&#8217;uomo, andr\u00e0 incontro ad una rapida standardizzazione dell&#8217;uomo, con una omologazione culturale e intellettuale del pensiero.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Immanuel Kant, filosofo tedesco del XIX secolo, sottoline\u00f2 come l&#8217;uomo dovesse essere trattato sempre come un fine e mai come un mezzo.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">La velocizzazione del tempo, indotta dal progresso tecnico e scientifico, ha inoltre mutato considerevolmente la natura del tempo: il tempo oggi diviene un tempo \u201c <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">scopico<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u201d, caratterizzato da una dimensione estremamente ridotta: recente passato e immediato futuro. La parola scopo deriva dal greco <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Skopos,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> ovvero uno sguardo mirato al fine di conseguire un dato obiettivo. La razionalit\u00e0 tecnica, quindi, non struttura e permette, data la sua velocit\u00e0 e dinamicit\u00e0, di condurre un livello psichico, un&#8217;ideazione del tempo in un&#8217;ottica di medio-lungo periodo. Se, per\u00f2, vi \u00e8 difficolt\u00e0 nello strutturare una concezione di lungo periodo del tempo, fossilizzandosi esclusivamente sul breve periodo, a causa dell&#8217;imprevedibilit\u00e0 della razionalit\u00e0 tecnica di prevedere, a lungo termine, gli esiti e gli effetti delle procedure tecniche e scientifiche, il il futuro diventa cos\u00ec imprevedibile e denso di incertezza.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Il futuro, perci\u00f2, non permette di progettare e strutturare una conduzione di vita stabile, delineata e scandita come, ad esempio, risultava essere in Italia e nelle principali economie europee sino agli anni &#8217;70 e &#8217;80. La tecnica procede per\u00f2 lungo criteri che Joseph Schumpeter, economista austriaco del XX secolo, definisce <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">distruzione creativa<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> , ovvero distruzione creativa.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">L&#8217;innovazione, che rappresenta il vero motore ed energia della crescita e del progresso sociale, oltre che tecnico ed economico, permette, grazie alle competenze e alle conoscenze acquisite, di progredire con nuovi beni e servizi ma, al contempo, di eliminare e sostituire la tecnologia e il processo economico e produttivo precedentemente adottato. Le tecnologie produttive, economiche e sociali, dunque, si autoalimentano e sostituiscono all&#8217;insegna dei dettami di efficienza, produttivit\u00e0, competitivit\u00e0 ed innovazione e l&#8217;uomo, nella sua marginalit\u00e0, deve imparare a gestire e controllare la potenza, oltre all&#8217;imprevedibilit\u00e0, del mercato.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Per concludere \u00e8 bene stimolare la nostra riflessione con una domanda: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">i fini dell&#8217;economia e del mercato sono davvero i nostri fini ed orizzonti?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Traduzione in francese a cura di Alessandro Iuliano.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019\u00e9conomie du futur sera s\u00fbrement tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente de ce que l\u2019on en con\u00e7oit aujourd\u2019hui. L\u2019\u00e9conomie, en tant que science, concerne l\u2019\u00e9tude de l\u2019allocation efficace de ressources rares, afin de garantir et satisfaire certains besoins. Si la plan\u00e8te Terre disposait en effet de ressources infinies, l\u2019\u00e9conomie en tant que domaine d\u2019\u00e9tude et de recherche n\u2019existerait pas. L\u2019homme est de plus un <strong>\u00eatre d\u00e9sireux<\/strong> et, une fois qu\u2019il atteint un objectif, il aspire \u00e0 de nouveaux d\u00e9sirs et stimuli.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le d\u00e9sir est donc un moteur de la science \u00e9conomique et il se refl\u00e8te dans le bin\u00f4me n\u00e9cessit\u00e9s-besoins. Lorsqu\u2019elle augmente les d\u00e9sirs du syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique, l\u2019\u00e9conomie parvient \u00e0 fonctionner de la mani\u00e8re la plus efficiente et r\u00e9siliente. Les nouveaux d\u00e9sirs des agents \u00e9conomiques d\u00e9clencheront production et, simultan\u00e9ment, consommation. \u00a0Afin que le syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique puisse bien fonctionner, il est n\u00e9cessaire que ce qui est produit, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les biens\/services, soit demand\u00e9 par les consommateurs, sinon les outputs resteront essentiellement des marchandises invendues.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">De la relation et l\u2019interconnexion entre l\u2019offre et la demande d\u00e9coulent les niveaux des prix moyens dans le syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique. Afin de cro\u00eetre et atteindre des niveaux de bien-\u00eatre croissants, un syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique n\u00e9cessite deux ressources fondamentales\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Croissance d\u00e9mographique<\/li>\n<li>Progr\u00e8s technologique<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La croissance d\u00e9mographique et le progr\u00e8s technologique sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compl\u00e9mentaires. Les populations en croissance d\u00e9mographique ont in\u00e9vitablement besoin d\u2019un progr\u00e8s technologique, afin de cro\u00eetre et prosp\u00e9rer \u00e9conomiquement. L\u2019augmentation d\u00e9mographique d\u2019une population et d\u2019un syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique permet de mettre en \u0153uvre <em>la sp\u00e9cialisation du travail<\/em>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la division progressive du travail en unit\u00e9 infra-marginales afin d\u2019incr\u00e9menter la productivit\u00e9 et l\u2019efficience de l\u2019ensemble du syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Essayons d\u2019illustrer tout cela par un exemple simple et intuitif:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si le syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique \u00e9tait constitu\u00e9 de deux agents \u00e9conomiques, chacun d\u2019eux se sp\u00e9cialiserait hypoth\u00e9tiquement dans la production d\u2019un bien\/service particulier, et le r\u00e9sultat de son travail refl\u00e8terait et t\u00e9moignerait de l\u2019habilit\u00e9 et du talent de l\u2019individu. Pensons, par exemple, \u00e0 un peintre et un artisan. Le peintre serait capable de r\u00e9aliser de splendides \u0153uvres d\u2019art qui pourraient \u00eatre aim\u00e9es par l\u2019autre agent \u00e9conomique qui, \u00e0 son tour, pourrait compenser l\u2019autre avec de belles \u0153uvres d\u2019artisanat.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Derri\u00e8re le travail, il y a donc l\u2019\u00e9mancipation et la pleine r\u00e9alisation sociale et culturelle de l\u2019individu. Les Grecs soulignaient \u00e9galement qu&#8217;un \u00eatre humain, pour \u00eatre heureux, devrait n\u00e9cessairement se conna\u00eetre soi-m\u00eame (\u03b3\u03bd\u1ff6\u03b8\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pour les Grecs, le bonheur \u00e9tait l\u2019<em>eudamon\u00eca<\/em>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la bonne r\u00e9ussite de son propre d\u00e9mon int\u00e9rieur, en d\u2019autres termes, sa vocation, ce pour quoi on est n\u00e9. On doit suivre sa vocation mais en <em>kat\u00e0 m\u00e8tron<\/em>, c&#8217;est-\u00e0-dire selon la mesure. La mesure, ou la limite, \u00e9tait le concept central de la culture grecque, qui ne devait en aucun cas \u00eatre franchie par un geste d&#8217;arrogance ou de d\u00e9fi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00abConna\u00eetre soi-m\u00eame\u00bb et \u00abr\u00e9aliser son talent\u00bb \u00e9taient les principes fondamentaux de la culture grecque, et l&#8217;\u00e9conomie, \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, \u00e9tait \u00e0 taille humaine. La r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration \u00e9conomique repr\u00e9sentait essentiellement la reconnaissance sociale de la communaut\u00e9 pour notre travail. Aujourd&#8217;hui, cependant, en raison de la mondialisation financi\u00e8re, c&#8217;est-\u00e0-dire l&#8217;ouverture des march\u00e9s et l&#8217;interaction entre les \u00e9conomies, le march\u00e9 est devenu le v\u00e9ritable protagoniste de l&#8217;histoire. La comp\u00e9tition, la concurrence et les relations commerciales, de plus en plus interconnect\u00e9es, repr\u00e9sentent d\u00e9sormais le c\u0153ur de notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et de notre culture.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le march\u00e9, comme l\u2019a repris Adam Smith, philosophe et \u00e9conomiste du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle et p\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00e9conomie classique, est une entit\u00e9 math\u00e9matique et rationnelle, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par la simple intersection de deux courbes analytiques : la courbe de la demande et de l&#8217;offre. Les \u00e9conomies modernes reposent donc sur le march\u00e9 et la rationalit\u00e9 des \u00e9changes commerciaux et \u00e9conomiques. Le progr\u00e8s technique dans nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s est absolument n\u00e9cessaire et in\u00e9vitable, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 l\u2019augmentation d\u00e9mographique rapide. Le travail et la cha\u00eene de production, donc, sont fragment\u00e9s et chaque travailleur et agent \u00e9conomique contribuera, de mani\u00e8re marginale, \u00e0 la production et \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation finale du bien.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le <strong>\u03b3\u03bd\u1ff6\u03b8\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd <\/strong>(conna\u00eetre soi-m\u00eame) est aujourd\u2019hui terriblement r\u00e9duit, car la technique, avec sa rationalit\u00e9 d\u00e9cisionnelle et proc\u00e9durale, g\u00e8re et coordonne l&#8217;ensemble du syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique et social. Les d\u00e9cisions et les ambitions des hommes finissent progressivement par \u00eatre subordonn\u00e9es aux d\u00e9sirs et \u00e0 la volont\u00e9 du march\u00e9. La technique, en outre, vise exclusivement \u00e0 renforcer elle-m\u00eame, en s&#8217;appuyant sur des principes d&#8217;efficacit\u00e9 et de productivit\u00e9. Si, en effet, une technologie ou un processus \u00e9conomique particulier est plus efficace et productif, les proc\u00e9dures techniques et \u00e9conomiques pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment utilis\u00e9es seront progressivement remplac\u00e9es et substitu\u00e9es. La rationalit\u00e9 du raisonnement technique, cependant, en raison de sa rapidit\u00e9 d\u00e9cisionnelle et proc\u00e9durale, ne permet pas aux hommes et aux agents \u00e9conomiques de pr\u00e9voir, \u00e0 long terme, les effets et les cons\u00e9quences des actions entreprises.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le futur ne semble plus aussi facilement pr\u00e9visible, mais soumis \u00e0 des modifications et variations progressives. Comme l\u2019a repris le professeur Umberto Galimberti, la technique n\u2019a pas de buts, elle ne tend pas vers un objectif final et ne r\u00e9v\u00e8le pas la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. L\u2019homme est in\u00e9vitablement sorti de l\u2019histoire, en devenant subordonn\u00e9 \u00e0 une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 qu\u2019il a lui-m\u00eame cr\u00e9e et con\u00e7ue. La technique a par cons\u00e9quent envahi le monde dans tous les secteurs et domaines\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Dans la communication, \u00e0 travers les smartphones et les r\u00e9seaux sociaux.<\/li>\n<li>Dans le monde du travail, avec la diffusion et l\u2019impl\u00e9mentation des r\u00e9seaux internet et des ordinateurs personnels.<\/li>\n<li>Dans le domaine social et relationnel, avec une perte progressive des contacts et des relations humaines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique mondialis\u00e9 et interconnect\u00e9 n\u00e9cessite des investissements dans le progr\u00e8s technique et scientifique, afin qu\u2019il puisse maintenir des niveaux croissants de bien-\u00eatre et gagner la comp\u00e9tition avec les autres \u00e9conomies sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale. Les agents \u00e9conomiques deviennent ainsi des acteurs \u00e9conomiques mondiaux, soumis \u00e0 la comp\u00e9tition et aux sc\u00e9narios macro\u00e9conomiques du futur. Alors, au-del\u00e0 de profiter des avantages et des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices de la mondialisation \u00e9conomique et financi\u00e8re, l&#8217;homme aura-t-il encore une valeur morale et \u00e9thique, ou sera-t-il r\u00e9duit \u00e0 un simple ex\u00e9cuteur de fonctions et d&#8217;entr\u00e9es ?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sigmund Freud, psychanalyste et philosophe autrichien du d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle, affirmait que l&#8217;\u00eatre humain, au-del\u00e0 de sa composante logique et rationnelle, poss\u00e8de \u00e9galement une composante irrationnelle, mise en \u00e9vidence par l&#8217;amour, l&#8217;imagination, la douleur, la fantaisie, la folie, etc. Ainsi, si la rationalit\u00e9 technique cherche \u00e0 \u00e9liminer progressivement la composante irrationnelle et dionysiaque de l&#8217;homme, elle conduira \u00e0 une standardisation rapide de l&#8217;individu, avec une homog\u00e9n\u00e9isation culturelle et intellectuelle de la pens\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Immanuel Kant, philosophe allemand du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, soulignait que l&#8217;homme devait toujours \u00eatre trait\u00e9 comme une fin en soi et jamais comme un moyen.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&#8217;acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du temps, induite par le progr\u00e8s technique et scientifique, a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 consid\u00e9rablement la nature du temps : aujourd&#8217;hui, le temps devient un temps &#8220;scopique&#8221;, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par une dimension extr\u00eamement r\u00e9duite : pass\u00e9 r\u00e9cent et futur imm\u00e9diat. Le mot &#8220;<em>Skopos<\/em>&#8221; vient du grec et signifie un regard cibl\u00e9 afin d&#8217;atteindre un objectif donn\u00e9. La rationalit\u00e9 technique, donc, ne structure pas et ne permet pas, en raison de sa rapidit\u00e9 et de sa dynamique, de conduire \u00e0 une conception du temps sur le moyen ou le long terme. Si, toutefois, il devient difficile de structurer une conception \u00e0 long terme du temps, en se concentrant exclusivement sur le court terme, en raison de l&#8217;impr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9 de la rationalit\u00e9 technique pour anticiper, \u00e0 long terme, les r\u00e9sultats et les effets des proc\u00e9dures techniques et scientifiques, l\u2019avenir devient ainsi impr\u00e9visible et charg\u00e9 d&#8217;incertitudes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le futur, par cons\u00e9quent, ne permet pas de concevoir et structurer une conduite de vie stable, d\u00e9finie et rythm\u00e9e comme cela, par exemple, \u00e9tait le cas en Italie et dans les principales \u00e9conomies europ\u00e9ennes jusqu&#8217;aux ann\u00e9es 70 et 80. Cependant, la technique suit des crit\u00e8res que Joseph Schumpeter, \u00e9conomiste autrichien du XXe si\u00e8cle, d\u00e9finit comme \u00ab <em>destruction cr\u00e9atrice<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&#8217;innovation, qui repr\u00e9sente le v\u00e9ritable moteur et l&#8217;\u00e9nergie de la croissance et du progr\u00e8s social, ainsi que technique et \u00e9conomique, permet, gr\u00e2ce aux comp\u00e9tences et connaissances acquises, de progresser avec de nouveaux biens et services tout en \u00e9liminant et en rempla\u00e7ant la technologie et le processus \u00e9conomique et productif pr\u00e9alablement adopt\u00e9s. Les technologies productives, \u00e9conomiques et sociales, donc, s&#8217;autoalimentent et se substituent, suivant les principes d&#8217;efficacit\u00e9, de productivit\u00e9, de comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 et d&#8217;innovation, et l&#8217;homme, dans sa marginalit\u00e9, doit apprendre \u00e0 g\u00e9rer et \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler la puissance, ainsi que l&#8217;impr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9 du march\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pour conclure, il est utile de stimuler notre r\u00e9flexion par une question : <strong>les buts de l&#8217;\u00e9conomie et du march\u00e9 sont-ils vraiment nos buts et nos horizons?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&#8217;economia del futuro sar\u00e0, sicuramente, molto diversa da come la intendiamo oggi. L&#8217;economia, come scienza, concerne lo studio dell&#8217;allocazione efficiente di risorse scarse, al fine di garantire e soddisfare determinati <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2713,"featured_media":11503,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[10,5,2672,1,2297,52,2652,782,2485,54,2671],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11500","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rubriche-economiche","category-fascicoli","category-n-136-11-2024","category-news","category-notizie","category-persona-e-citta","category-progresso","category-ricerca-sviluppo","category-riflessioni","category-risorse-umane","category-sociologia"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["it","en","es"],"languages":{"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.economiaediritto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/diverse-friends-using-digital-devices-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C1440&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9CRXF-2Zu","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.economiaediritto.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11500","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.economiaediritto.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.economiaediritto.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.economiaediritto.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2713"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.economiaediritto.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11500"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.economiaediritto.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11500\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11552,"href":"https:\/\/www.economiaediritto.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11500\/revisions\/11552"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.economiaediritto.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11503"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.economiaediritto.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11500"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.economiaediritto.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11500"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.economiaediritto.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}